python · corneliusroemer · Jul 20, 2025 · Jul 20, 2025 · Jul 20, 2025 · Jul 20, 2025
diff --git a/Doc/extending/extending.rst b/Doc/extending/extending.rst
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ and initialize it by calling :c:func:`PyErr_NewException` in the module's
 
    SpamError = PyErr_NewException("spam.error", NULL, NULL);
 
-Since :c:data:`!SpamError` is a global variable, it will be overwitten every time
+Since :c:data:`!SpamError` is a global variable, it will be overwritten every time
 the module is reinitialized, when the :c:data:`Py_mod_exec` function is called.
 
 For now, let's avoid the issue: we will block repeated initialization by raising an

diff --git a/Doc/library/shelve.rst b/Doc/library/shelve.rst
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ Restrictions
   which can cause hard crashes when trying to read from the database.
 
 * :meth:`Shelf.reorganize` may not be available for all database packages and
-  may temporarely increase resource usage (especially disk space) when called.
+  may temporarily increase resource usage (especially disk space) when called.
   Additionally, it will never run automatically and instead needs to be called
   explicitly.
 

diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
@@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ Concurrent safe warnings control
 The :class:`warnings.catch_warnings` context manager will now optionally
 use a context variable for warning filters.  This is enabled by setting
 the :data:`~sys.flags.context_aware_warnings` flag, either with the ``-X``
-command-line option or an environment variable.  This gives predicable
+command-line option or an environment variable.  This gives predictable
 warnings control when using :class:`~warnings.catch_warnings` combined with
 multiple threads or asynchronous tasks. The flag defaults to true for the
 free-threaded build and false for the GIL-enabled build.

diff --git a/Include/cpython/critical_section.h b/Include/cpython/critical_section.h
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ PyCriticalSection2_End(PyCriticalSection2 *c);
     }
 #else /* !Py_GIL_DISABLED */
 
-// NOTE: the contents of this struct are private and may change betweeen
+// NOTE: the contents of this struct are private and may change between
 // Python releases without a deprecation period.
 struct PyCriticalSection {
     // Tagged pointer to an outer active critical section (or 0).
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ struct PyCriticalSection {
 
 // A critical section protected by two mutexes. Use
 // Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2 and Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2.
-// NOTE: the contents of this struct are private and may change betweeen
+// NOTE: the contents of this struct are private and may change between
 // Python releases without a deprecation period.
 struct PyCriticalSection2 {
     PyCriticalSection _cs_base;

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ extern void _PyMem_FreeDelayed(void *ptr, size_t size);
 extern void _PyMem_ProcessDelayed(PyThreadState *tstate);
 
 // Periodically process delayed free requests when the world is stopped.
-// Notify of any objects whic should be freeed.
+// Notify of any objects which should be freed.
 typedef void (*delayed_dealloc_cb)(PyObject *, void *);
 extern void _PyMem_ProcessDelayedNoDealloc(PyThreadState *tstate,
                                            delayed_dealloc_cb cb, void *state);

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyModule_Add(PyObject *mod, const char *name, PyObject *value);
 
 // Similar to PyModule_AddObjectRef() and PyModule_Add() but steal
 // a reference to 'value' on success and only on success.
-// Errorprone. Should not be used in new code.
+// Error-prone. Should not be used in new code.
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyModule_AddObject(PyObject *mod, const char *, PyObject *value);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyModule_AddIntConstant(PyObject *, const char *, long);

diff --git a/Include/refcount.h b/Include/refcount.h
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE void Py_DECREF(PyObject *op)
  * There are cases where it's safe to use the naive code, but they're brittle.
  * For example, if `op` points to a Python integer, you know that destroying
  * one of those can't cause problems -- but in part that relies on that
- * Python integers aren't currently weakly referencable.  Best practice is
+ * Python integers aren't currently weakly referenceable.  Best practice is
  * to use Py_CLEAR() even if you can't think of a reason for why you need to.
  *
  * gh-98724: Use a temporary variable to only evaluate the macro argument once,

diff --git a/Include/unicodeobject.h b/Include/unicodeobject.h
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_Split(
     Py_ssize_t maxsplit         /* Maxsplit count */
     );
 
-/* Dito, but split at line breaks.
+/* Ditto, but split at line breaks.
 
    CRLF is considered to be one line break. Line breaks are not
    included in the resulting list. */

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ the current task is found and returned. If no matching thread state is
 found, `None` is returned.
 
 In free-threading, it avoids contention on a global dictionary as
-threads can access the current task of thier running loop without any
+threads can access the current task of their running loop without any
 locking.
 
 ---

@@ -1524,7 +1524,7 @@ def _pop(self, timeout, default=('', None)):
         # Historical Note:
         # The timeout was originally implemented using select() after
         # checking for the presence of already-buffered data.
-        # That allowed timeouts on pipe connetions like IMAP4_stream.
+        # That allowed timeouts on pipe connections like IMAP4_stream.
         # However, it seemed possible that SSL data arriving without any
         # IMAP data afterward could cause select() to indicate available
         # application data when there was none, leading to a read() call

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def _reentrant_call_error(self):
             "Reentrant call into the multiprocessing resource tracker")
 
     def __del__(self):
-        # making sure child processess are cleaned before ResourceTracker
+        # making sure child processes are cleaned before ResourceTracker
         # gets destructed.
         # see https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/88887
         self._stop(use_blocking_lock=False)

@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ def _get_sysconfigdata():
 
 
 def _installation_is_relocated():
-    """Is the Python installation running from a different prefix than what was targetted when building?"""
+    """Is the Python installation running from a different prefix than what was targeted when building?"""
     if os.name != 'posix':
         raise NotImplementedError('sysconfig._installation_is_relocated() is currently only supported on POSIX')
 

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ def test_connection_lost_when_busy(self):
         sock.fileno = mock.Mock(return_value=12345)
         sock.send = mock.Mock(side_effect=BrokenPipeError)
 
-        # construct StreamWriter chain that contains loop dependant logic this emulates
+        # construct StreamWriter chain that contains loop dependent logic this emulates
         # what _make_ssl_transport() does in BaseSelectorEventLoop
         reader = asyncio.StreamReader(limit=2 ** 16, loop=self.loop)
         protocol = asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol(reader, loop=self.loop)

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_buffer.py b/Lib/test/test_buffer.py
@@ -4456,7 +4456,7 @@ def test_pybuffer_size_from_format(self):
 
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_flags_overflow(self):
-        # gh-126594: Check for integer overlow on large flags
+        # gh-126594: Check for integer overflow on large flags
         try:
             from _testcapi import INT_MIN, INT_MAX
         except ImportError:

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_build_details.py b/Lib/test/test_build_details.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 class FormatTestsBase:
     @property
     def contents(self):
-        """Install details file contents. Should be overriden by subclasses."""
+        """Install details file contents. Should be overridden by subclasses."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     @property
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ def contents(self):
     def test_location(self):
         self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(self.location))
 
-    # Override generic format tests with tests for our specific implemenation.
+    # Override generic format tests with tests for our specific implementation.
 
     @needs_installed_python
     @unittest.skipIf(

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_tuple.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_tuple.py
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def test__tuple_resize(self):
     def test_bug_59313(self):
         # Before 3.14, the C-API function PySequence_Tuple
         # would create incomplete tuples which were visible to
-        # the cycle GC, and this test would crash the interpeter.
+        # the cycle GC, and this test would crash the interpreter.
         TAG = object()
         tuples = []
 

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_type.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_type.py
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ class FreezeThis(metaclass=Meta):
         self.assertEqual(FreezeThis.value, 2)
 
     def test_manual_heap_type(self):
-        # gh-128923: test that a manually allocated and initailized heap type
+        # gh-128923: test that a manually allocated and initialized heap type
         # works correctly
         ManualHeapType = _testcapi.ManualHeapType
         for i in range(100):

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_cmd_line.py b/Lib/test/test_cmd_line.py
@@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ def test_python_legacy_windows_fs_encoding(self):
     def test_python_legacy_windows_stdio(self):
         # Test that _WindowsConsoleIO is used when PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO
         # is not set.
-        # We cannot use PIPE becase it prevents creating new console.
+        # We cannot use PIPE because it prevents creating new console.
         # So we use exit code.
         code = "import sys; sys.exit(type(sys.stdout.buffer.raw).__name__ != '_WindowsConsoleIO')"
         env = os.environ.copy()

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dict.py b/Lib/test/test_dict.py
@@ -1581,7 +1581,7 @@ def check_unhashable_key():
         with check_unhashable_key():
             d.get(key)
 
-        # Only TypeError exception is overriden,
+        # Only TypeError exception is overridden,
         # other exceptions are left unchanged.
         class HashError:
             def __hash__(self):

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dis.py b/Lib/test/test_dis.py
@@ -1696,7 +1696,7 @@ def jumpy():
 # code_object_inner before rerunning the tests
 
 def _stringify_instruction(instr):
-    # Since postions offsets change a lot for these test cases, ignore them.
+    # Since positions offsets change a lot for these test cases, ignore them.
     base = (
         f"  make_inst(opname={instr.opname!r}, arg={instr.arg!r}, argval={instr.argval!r}, " +
         f"argrepr={instr.argrepr!r}, offset={instr.offset}, start_offset={instr.start_offset}, " +

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_fileio.py b/Lib/test/test_fileio.py
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ def check_readall(name, code, prelude="", cleanup="",
                 syscalls = strace_helper.filter_memory(syscalls)
 
                 # The first call should be an open that returns a
-                # file descriptor (fd). Afer that calls may vary. Once the file
+                # file descriptor (fd). After that calls may vary. Once the file
                 # is opened, check calls refer to it by fd as the filename
                 # could be removed from the filesystem, renamed, etc. See:
                 # Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) software bug class.

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_generators.py b/Lib/test/test_generators.py
@@ -2377,7 +2377,7 @@ def printsolution(self, x):
 """
 
 weakref_tests = """\
-Generators are weakly referencable:
+Generators are weakly referenceable:
 
 >>> import weakref
 >>> def gen():
@@ -2388,7 +2388,7 @@ def printsolution(self, x):
 True
 >>> p = weakref.proxy(gen)
 
-Generator-iterators are weakly referencable as well:
+Generator-iterators are weakly referenceable as well:
 
 >>> gi = gen()
 >>> wr = weakref.ref(gi)

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_genexps.py b/Lib/test/test_genexps.py
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
     >>> me.gi_running
     0
 
-Verify that genexps are weakly referencable
+Verify that genexps are weakly referenceable
 
     >>> import weakref
     >>> g = (i*i for i in range(4))

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_gzip.py b/Lib/test/test_gzip.py
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ def test_read1(self):
         self.assertEqual(b''.join(blocks), data1 * 50)
 
     def test_readinto(self):
-        # 10MB of uncompressible data to ensure multiple reads
+        # 10MB of incompressible data to ensure multiple reads
         large_data = os.urandom(10 * 2**20)
         with gzip.GzipFile(self.filename, 'wb') as f:
             f.write(large_data)
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ def test_readinto(self):
         self.assertEqual(buf, large_data)
 
     def test_readinto1(self):
-        # 10MB of uncompressible data to ensure multiple reads
+        # 10MB of incompressible data to ensure multiple reads
         large_data = os.urandom(10 * 2**20)
         with gzip.GzipFile(self.filename, 'wb') as f:
             f.write(large_data)

@@ -2387,7 +2387,7 @@ def __getattr__(self, attribute):
         return getattr(queue, attribute)
 
 class CustomQueueFakeProtocol(CustomQueueProtocol):
-    # An object implementing the minimial Queue API for
+    # An object implementing the minimal Queue API for
     # the logging module but with incorrect signatures.
     #
     # The object will be considered a valid queue class since we

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_memoryview.py b/Lib/test/test_memoryview.py
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ def test_picklebuffer_reference_loop(self):
 @support.requires_resource("cpu")
 class RacingTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_racing_getbuf_and_releasebuf(self):
-        """Repeatly access the memoryview for racing."""
+        """Repeatedly access the memoryview for racing."""
         try:
             from multiprocessing.managers import SharedMemoryManager
         except ImportError:

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_opcache.py b/Lib/test/test_opcache.py
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ def test(default=None):
 def make_deferred_ref_count_obj():
     """Create an object that uses deferred reference counting.
 
-    Only objects that use deferred refence counting may be stored in inline
+    Only objects that use deferred reference counting may be stored in inline
     caches in free-threaded builds. This constructs a new class named Foo,
     which uses deferred reference counting.
     """

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_plistlib.py b/Lib/test/test_plistlib.py
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ def test_load_aware_datetime(self):
         self.assertEqual(dt.tzinfo, datetime.UTC)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless("America/Los_Angeles" in zoneinfo.available_timezones(),
-                         "Can't find timezone datebase")
+                         "Can't find timezone database")
     def test_dump_aware_datetime(self):
         dt = datetime.datetime(2345, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
                                tzinfo=zoneinfo.ZoneInfo("America/Los_Angeles"))
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ def test_dump_utc_aware_datetime(self):
             self.assertEqual(loaded_dt, dt)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless("America/Los_Angeles" in zoneinfo.available_timezones(),
-                         "Can't find timezone datebase")
+                         "Can't find timezone database")
     def test_dump_aware_datetime_without_aware_datetime_option(self):
         dt = datetime.datetime(2345, 6, 7, 8,
                                tzinfo=zoneinfo.ZoneInfo("America/Los_Angeles"))
@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ def test_load_aware_datetime(self):
                          datetime.datetime(2345, 6, 7, 8, tzinfo=datetime.UTC))
 
     @unittest.skipUnless("America/Los_Angeles" in zoneinfo.available_timezones(),
-                         "Can't find timezone datebase")
+                         "Can't find timezone database")
     def test_dump_aware_datetime_without_aware_datetime_option(self):
         dt = datetime.datetime(2345, 6, 7, 8,
                                tzinfo=zoneinfo.ZoneInfo("America/Los_Angeles"))

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pty.py b/Lib/test/test_pty.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def normalize_output(data):
     # etc.)
 
     # This is about the best we can do without getting some feedback
-    # from someone more knowledgable.
+    # from someone more knowledgeable.
 
     # OSF/1 (Tru64) apparently turns \n into \r\r\n.
     if data.endswith(b'\r\r\n'):

@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ def test_builtin_completion_top_level(self):
         # Make iter_modules() search only the standard library.
         # This makes the test more reliable in case there are
         # other user packages/scripts on PYTHONPATH which can
-        # intefere with the completions.
+        # interfere with the completions.
         lib_path = os.path.dirname(importlib.__path__[0])
         sys.path = [lib_path]
 

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_set.py b/Lib/test/test_set.py
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ def check_unhashable_element():
         with check_unhashable_element():
             myset.discard(elem)
 
-        # Only TypeError exception is overriden,
+        # Only TypeError exception is overridden,
         # other exceptions are left unchanged.
         class HashError:
             def __hash__(self):

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_statistics.py b/Lib/test/test_statistics.py
@@ -2998,7 +2998,7 @@ def test_cdf(self):
         X = NormalDist(100, 15)
         cdfs = [X.cdf(x) for x in range(1, 200)]
         self.assertEqual(set(map(type, cdfs)), {float})
-        # Verify montonic
+        # Verify monotonic
         self.assertEqual(cdfs, sorted(cdfs))
         # Verify center (should be exact)
         self.assertEqual(X.cdf(100), 0.50)

@@ -3438,7 +3438,7 @@ def test_vfork_used_when_expected(self):
         # because libc tends to implement that internally using vfork. But
         # that'd just be testing a libc+kernel implementation detail.
 
-        # Are intersted in the system calls:
+        # Are interested in the system calls:
         # clone,clone2,clone3,fork,vfork,exit,exit_group
         # Unfortunately using `--trace` with that list to strace fails because
         # not all are supported on all platforms (ex. clone2 is ia64 only...)

@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ def test_sysconfigdata_json(self):
 
         # Keys dependent on uncontrollable external context
         ignore_keys = {'userbase'}
-        # Keys dependent on Python being run outside the build directrory
+        # Keys dependent on Python being run outside the build directory
         if sysconfig.is_python_build():
             ignore_keys |= {'srcdir'}
         # Keys dependent on the executable location
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ def test_sysconfigdata_json(self):
         # Keys dependent on the environment (different inside virtual environments)
         if sys.prefix != sys.base_prefix:
             ignore_keys |= {'prefix', 'exec_prefix', 'base', 'platbase'}
-        # Keys dependent on Python being run from the prefix targetted when building (different on relocatable installs)
+        # Keys dependent on Python being run from the prefix targeted when building (different on relocatable installs)
         if sysconfig._installation_is_relocated():
             ignore_keys |= {'prefix', 'exec_prefix', 'base', 'platbase', 'installed_base', 'installed_platbase'}
 

@@ -4112,7 +4112,7 @@ def test_sneaky_hardlink_fallback(self):
             arc.add("b/")
             # Point "c" to the bottom of the tree in "a"
             arc.add("c", symlink_to=os.path.join("a", "t"))
-            # link to non-existant location under "a"
+            # link to non-existent location under "a"
             arc.add("c/escape", symlink_to=os.path.join("..", "..",
                                                         "link_here"))
             # Move "c" to point to "b" ("c/escape" no longer exists)

@@ -1857,7 +1857,7 @@ def test_weak_keyed_bad_delitem(self):
         self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.__delitem__, o)
         self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.__getitem__, o)
 
-        # If a key isn't of a weakly referencable type, __getitem__ and
+        # If a key isn't of a weakly referenceable type, __getitem__ and
         # __setitem__ raise TypeError.  __delitem__ should too.
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__delitem__,  13)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__getitem__,  13)
@@ -2260,7 +2260,7 @@ def test_names(self):
 >>> class Dict(dict):
 ...     pass
 ...
->>> obj = Dict(red=1, green=2, blue=3)   # this object is weak referencable
+>>> obj = Dict(red=1, green=2, blue=3)   # this object is weak referenceable
 >>> r = weakref.ref(obj)
 >>> print(r() is obj)
 True