frozenca · frozenca · May 11, 2020 · Mar 31, 2020 · Apr 5, 2020 · Apr 6, 2020
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+language: minimal
+dist: trusty
+services:
+  - docker
+script:
+  - make -C contrib docker_build
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
@@ -2,21 +2,24 @@
 CXXFLAGS += -std=c++11 -Wno-conversion
 
 # Default to using system's default version of python
-PYTHON_BIN     ?= python
+PYTHON_BIN     ?= python3
 PYTHON_CONFIG  := $(PYTHON_BIN)-config
 PYTHON_INCLUDE ?= $(shell $(PYTHON_CONFIG) --includes)
 EXTRA_FLAGS    := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE)
-LDFLAGS        += $(shell $(PYTHON_CONFIG) --libs)
+# NOTE: Since python3.8, the correct invocation is `python3-config --libs --embed`. 
+# So of course the proper way to get python libs for embedding now is to
+# invoke that, check if it crashes, and fall back to just `--libs` if it does.
+LDFLAGS        += $(shell if $(PYTHON_CONFIG) --libs --embed >/dev/null; then $(PYTHON_CONFIG) --libs --embed; else $(PYTHON_CONFIG) --libs; fi)
 
 # Either finds numpy or set -DWITHOUT_NUMPY
 EXTRA_FLAGS     += $(shell $(PYTHON_BIN) $(CURDIR)/numpy_flags.py)
-WITHOUT_NUMPY   := $(findstring $(CXXFLAGS), WITHOUT_NUMPY)
+WITHOUT_NUMPY   := $(findstring $(EXTRA_FLAGS), WITHOUT_NUMPY)
 
 # Examples requiring numpy support to compile
-EXAMPLES_NUMPY  := surface
+EXAMPLES_NUMPY  := surface colorbar
 EXAMPLES        := minimal basic modern animation nonblock xkcd quiver bar \
-	           fill_inbetween fill update subplot2grid colorbar lines3d \
-                   $(if WITHOUT_NUMPY,,$(EXAMPLES_NUMPY))
+	           fill_inbetween fill update subplot2grid lines3d \
+                   $(if $(WITHOUT_NUMPY),,$(EXAMPLES_NUMPY))
 
 # Prefix every example with 'examples/build/'
 EXAMPLE_TARGETS := $(patsubst %,examples/build/%,$(EXAMPLES))

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ A more comprehensive example:
 
 namespace plt = matplotlibcpp;
 
-int main() 
+int main()
 {
     // Prepare data.
     int n = 5000;
@@ -73,26 +73,26 @@ Alternatively, matplotlib-cpp also supports some C++11-powered syntactic sugar:
 using namespace std;
 namespace plt = matplotlibcpp;
 
-int main() 
-{    
+int main()
+{
     // Prepare data.
     int n = 5000; // number of data points
-    vector<double> x(n),y(n); 
+    vector<double> x(n),y(n);
     for(int i=0; i<n; ++i) {
         double t = 2*M_PI*i/n;
         x.at(i) = 16*sin(t)*sin(t)*sin(t);
         y.at(i) = 13*cos(t) - 5*cos(2*t) - 2*cos(3*t) - cos(4*t);
     }
 
-    // plot() takes an arbitrary number of (x,y,format)-triples. 
+    // plot() takes an arbitrary number of (x,y,format)-triples.
     // x must be iterable (that is, anything providing begin(x) and end(x)),
-    // y must either be callable (providing operator() const) or iterable. 
+    // y must either be callable (providing operator() const) or iterable.
     plt::plot(x, y, "r-", x, [](double d) { return 12.5+abs(sin(d)); }, "k-");
 
 
     // show plots
     plt::show();
-} 
+}
 ```
     g++ modern.cpp -std=c++11 -I/usr/include/python2.7 -lpython
 
@@ -199,13 +199,16 @@ On Ubuntu:
     sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib python-numpy python2.7-dev
 
 If, for some reason, you're unable to get a working installation of numpy on your system,
-you can add the define `WITHOUT_NUMPY` to erase this dependency.
+you can define the macro `WITHOUT_NUMPY` before including the header file to erase this
+dependency.
 
 The C++-part of the library consists of the single header file `matplotlibcpp.h` which can be placed
 anywhere.
 
-Since a python interpreter is opened internally, it is necessary to link against `libpython2.7` in order to use
-matplotlib-cpp.
+Since a python interpreter is opened internally, it is necessary to link against `libpython` in order
+to user matplotlib-cpp. Most versions should work, although `libpython2.7` and `libpython3.6` are
+probably the most regularly testedr.
+
 
 # CMake
 
@@ -232,6 +235,20 @@ target_include_directories(myproject PRIVATE ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 target_link_libraries(myproject ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
 ```
 
+
+# Vcpkg
+
+You can download and install matplotlib-cpp using the [vcpkg](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg) dependency manager:
+
+    git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
+    cd vcpkg
+    ./bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
+    ./vcpkg integrate install
+    vcpkg install matplotlib-cpp
+
+The matplotlib-cpp port in vcpkg is kept up to date by Microsoft team members and community contributors. If the version is out of date, please [create an issue or pull request](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg) on the vcpkg repository.
+
+
 # C++11
 
 Currently, c++11 is required to build matplotlib-cpp. The last working commit that did
@@ -256,10 +273,10 @@ The same technique can be used for linking against a custom build of python
 
 Why?
 ----
-I initially started this library during my diploma thesis. The usual approach of 
+I initially started this library during my diploma thesis. The usual approach of
 writing data from the c++ algorithm to a file and afterwards parsing and plotting
 it in python using matplotlib proved insufficient: Keeping the algorithm
-and plotting code in sync requires a lot of effort when the C++ code frequently and substantially 
+and plotting code in sync requires a lot of effort when the C++ code frequently and substantially
 changes. Additionally, the python yaml parser was not able to cope with files that
 exceed a few hundred megabytes in size.
 
@@ -290,4 +307,4 @@ Todo/Issues/Wishlist
 in "".'
 
 * MacOS: `Unable to import matplotlib.pyplot`. Cause: In mac os image rendering back end of matplotlib (what-is-a-backend to render using the API of Cocoa by default). There is Qt4Agg and GTKAgg and as a back-end is not the default. Set the back end of macosx that is differ compare with other windows or linux os.
-Solution is discribed [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21784641/installation-issue-with-matplotlib-python?noredirect=1&lq=1), additional information can be found there too(see links in answers).
+Solution is described [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21784641/installation-issue-with-matplotlib-python?noredirect=1&lq=1), additional information can be found there too(see links in answers).
diff --git a/contrib/Dockerfile b/contrib/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+FROM debian:10 AS builder
+RUN apt-get update \
+ && apt-get install --yes --no-install-recommends \
+    g++ \
+    libpython3-dev \
+    make \
+    python3 \
+    python3-dev \
+    python3-numpy
+
+ADD Makefile matplotlibcpp.h numpy_flags.py /opt/
+ADD examples/*.cpp /opt/examples/
+RUN cd /opt \
+ && make PYTHON_BIN=python3 \
+ && ls examples/build
+
+FROM debian:10
+RUN apt-get update \
+ && apt-get install --yes --no-install-recommends \
+    libpython3-dev \
+    python3-matplotlib \
+    python3-numpy
+
+COPY --from=builder /opt/examples/build /opt/
+RUN cd /opt \
+ && ls \
+ && ./basic
diff --git a/contrib/Makefile b/contrib/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+all: docker_build
+
+docker_build:
+	cd .. && \
+	docker build . -f contrib/Dockerfile -t matplotlibcpp && \
+	cd contrib
diff --git a/matplotlibcpp.h b/matplotlibcpp.h
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
+// Python headers must be included before any system headers, since
+// they define _POSIX_C_SOURCE
+#include <Python.h>
+
 #include <vector>
 #include <map>
 #include <array>
@@ -9,9 +13,6 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <cstdint> // <cstdint> requires c++11 support
 #include <functional>
-#include <unordered_map>
-
-#include <Python.h>
 
 #ifndef WITHOUT_NUMPY
 #  define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION
@@ -297,25 +298,35 @@ template <> struct select_npy_type<uint16_t> { const static NPY_TYPES type = NPY
 template <> struct select_npy_type<uint32_t> { const static NPY_TYPES type = NPY_ULONG; };
 template <> struct select_npy_type<uint64_t> { const static NPY_TYPES type = NPY_UINT64; };
 
+// Sanity checks; comment them out or change the numpy type below if you're compiling on
+// a platform where they don't apply
+static_assert(sizeof(long long) == 8);
+template <> struct select_npy_type<long long> { const static NPY_TYPES type = NPY_INT64; };
+static_assert(sizeof(unsigned long long) == 8);
+template <> struct select_npy_type<unsigned long long> { const static NPY_TYPES type = NPY_UINT64; };
+// TODO: add int, long, etc.
+
 template<typename Numeric>
 PyObject* get_array(const std::vector<Numeric>& v)
 {
-    detail::_interpreter::get();    //interpreter needs to be initialized for the numpy commands to work
+    detail::_interpreter::get(); //interpreter needs to be initialized for the numpy commands to work
+    npy_intp vsize = v.size();
     NPY_TYPES type = select_npy_type<Numeric>::type;
-    if (type == NPY_NOTYPE)
-    {
-        std::vector<double> vd(v.size());
-        npy_intp vsize = v.size();
-        std::copy(v.begin(),v.end(),vd.begin());
-        PyObject* varray = PyArray_SimpleNewFromData(1, &vsize, NPY_DOUBLE, (void*)(vd.data()));
+    if (type == NPY_NOTYPE) {
+        size_t memsize = v.size()*sizeof(double);
+        double* dp = static_cast<double*>(::malloc(memsize));
+        for (size_t i=0; i<v.size(); ++i)
+            dp[i] = v[i];
+        PyObject* varray = PyArray_SimpleNewFromData(1, &vsize, NPY_DOUBLE, dp);
+        PyArray_UpdateFlags(reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(varray), NPY_ARRAY_OWNDATA);
         return varray;
     }
-
-    npy_intp vsize = v.size();
+
     PyObject* varray = PyArray_SimpleNewFromData(1, &vsize, type, (void*)(v.data()));
     return varray;
 }
 
+
 template<typename Numeric>
 PyObject* get_2darray(const std::vector<::std::vector<Numeric>>& v)
 {
@@ -340,8 +351,22 @@ PyObject* get_2darray(const std::vector<::std::vector<Numeric>>& v)
     return reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(varray);
 }
 
+#else // fallback if we don't have numpy: copy every element of the given vector
+
+template<typename Numeric>
+PyObject* get_array(const std::vector<Numeric>& v)
+{
+    PyObject* list = PyList_New(v.size());
+    for(size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
+        PyList_SetItem(list, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(v.at(i)));
+    }
+    return list;
+}
+
+#endif // WITHOUT_NUMPY
+
 // sometimes, for labels and such, we need string arrays
-PyObject * get_array(const std::vector<std::string>& strings)
+inline PyObject * get_array(const std::vector<std::string>& strings)
 {
   PyObject* list = PyList_New(strings.size());
   for (std::size_t i = 0; i < strings.size(); ++i) {
@@ -361,20 +386,6 @@ PyObject* get_listlist(const std::vector<std::vector<Numeric>>& ll)
   return listlist;
 }
 
-#else // fallback if we don't have numpy: copy every element of the given vector
-
-template<typename Numeric>
-PyObject* get_array(const std::vector<Numeric>& v)
-{
-    PyObject* list = PyList_New(v.size());
-    for(size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
-        PyList_SetItem(list, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(v.at(i)));
-    }
-    return list;
-}
-
-#endif // WITHOUT_NUMPY
-
 } // namespace detail
 
 /// Plot a line through the given x and y data points..
@@ -793,7 +804,7 @@ template<typename NumericX, typename NumericY>
 bool scatter(const std::vector<NumericX>& x,
              const std::vector<NumericY>& y,
              const double s=1.0, // The marker size in points**2
-             const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & keywords = {})
+             const std::map<std::string, std::string> & keywords = {})
 {
     assert(x.size() == y.size());
 
@@ -823,7 +834,7 @@ bool scatter(const std::vector<NumericX>& x,
 template<typename Numeric>
 bool boxplot(const std::vector<std::vector<Numeric>>& data,
              const std::vector<std::string>& labels = {},
-             const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & keywords = {})
+             const std::map<std::string, std::string> & keywords = {})
 {
     PyObject* listlist = detail::get_listlist(data);
     PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
@@ -854,7 +865,7 @@ bool boxplot(const std::vector<std::vector<Numeric>>& data,
 
 template<typename Numeric>
 bool boxplot(const std::vector<Numeric>& data,
-             const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> & keywords = {})
+             const std::map<std::string, std::string> & keywords = {})
 {
     PyObject* vector = detail::get_array(data);
     PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
@@ -1163,6 +1174,9 @@ bool errorbar(const std::vector<NumericX> &x, const std::vector<NumericY> &y, co
 template<typename Numeric>
 bool named_plot(const std::string& name, const std::vector<Numeric>& y, const std::string& format = "")
 {
+    // Make sure python is initialized.
+    detail::_interpreter::get();
+
     PyObject* kwargs = PyDict_New();
     PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "label", PyString_FromString(name.c_str()));
 
@@ -1187,6 +1201,9 @@ bool named_plot(const std::string& name, const std::vector<Numeric>& y, const st
 template<typename Numeric>
 bool named_plot(const std::string& name, const std::vector<Numeric>& x, const std::vector<Numeric>& y, const std::string& format = "")
 {
+    // Make sure python is initialized.
+    detail::_interpreter::get();
+
     PyObject* kwargs = PyDict_New();
     PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "label", PyString_FromString(name.c_str()));
 
@@ -1212,6 +1229,9 @@ bool named_plot(const std::string& name, const std::vector<Numeric>& x, const st
 template<typename Numeric>
 bool named_semilogx(const std::string& name, const std::vector<Numeric>& x, const std::vector<Numeric>& y, const std::string& format = "")
 {
+    // Make sure python is initialized.
+    detail::_interpreter::get();
+
     PyObject* kwargs = PyDict_New();
     PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "label", PyString_FromString(name.c_str()));
 
@@ -1237,6 +1257,9 @@ bool named_semilogx(const std::string& name, const std::vector<Numeric>& x, cons
 template<typename Numeric>
 bool named_semilogy(const std::string& name, const std::vector<Numeric>& x, const std::vector<Numeric>& y, const std::string& format = "")
 {
+    // Make sure python is initialized.
+    detail::_interpreter::get();
+
     PyObject* kwargs = PyDict_New();
     PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "label", PyString_FromString(name.c_str()));
 
@@ -1262,6 +1285,9 @@ bool named_semilogy(const std::string& name, const std::vector<Numeric>& x, cons
 template<typename Numeric>
 bool named_loglog(const std::string& name, const std::vector<Numeric>& x, const std::vector<Numeric>& y, const std::string& format = "")
 {
+    // Make sure python is initialized.
+    detail::_interpreter::get();
+
     PyObject* kwargs = PyDict_New();
     PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "label", PyString_FromString(name.c_str()));
 
@@ -1322,7 +1348,7 @@ void text(Numeric x, Numeric y, const std::string& s = "")
     Py_DECREF(res);
 }
 
-void colorbar(PyObject* mappable = NULL, const std::map<std::string, float>& keywords = {})
+inline void colorbar(PyObject* mappable = NULL, const std::map<std::string, float>& keywords = {})
 {
     if (mappable == NULL)
         throw std::runtime_error("Must call colorbar with PyObject* returned from an image, contour, surface, etc.");
@@ -1611,6 +1637,9 @@ inline void tick_params(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& keywords, cons
 
 inline void subplot(long nrows, long ncols, long plot_number)
 {
+    // Make sure interpreter is initialized
+    detail::_interpreter::get();
+
     // construct positional args
     PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(3);
     PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, PyFloat_FromDouble(nrows));
@@ -1670,6 +1699,9 @@ inline void title(const std::string &titlestr, const std::map<std::string, std::
 
 inline void suptitle(const std::string &suptitlestr, const std::map<std::string, std::string> &keywords = {})
 {
+    // Make sure interpreter is initialized
+    detail::_interpreter::get();
+
     PyObject* pysuptitlestr = PyString_FromString(suptitlestr.c_str());
     PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
     PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, pysuptitlestr);
@@ -1700,7 +1732,7 @@ inline void axis(const std::string &axisstr)
     Py_DECREF(res);
 }
 
-void axvline(double x, double ymin = 0., double ymax = 1., const std::map<std::string, std::string>& keywords = std::map<std::string, std::string>())
+inline void axvline(double x, double ymin = 0., double ymax = 1., const std::map<std::string, std::string>& keywords = std::map<std::string, std::string>())
 {
     // construct positional args
     PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(3);