The July 2021 extreme rainfall event in Western Europe appears near the upper bound of plausibility in the current climate, though alternative storylines revealing the potential for even more severe outcomes in terms of rainfall persistence, spatial extent, and location – given the large-scale dynamics of the event, according to a boosted ensemble.

Rapid accretion and differentiation of planetesimals in the outer Solar System is indicated by early crystallization ages in a carbonaceous dunite sample dated by in-situ Al-Mg isotope analysis.

Americans support a range of climate solutions, including both policy and behavioral changes, but the public and elected policymakers often underestimate the popularity of these solutions, according to an analysis that utilizes survey data and a statistical approach.

Ceremonial feasting in Early Neolithic Asiab, western Iran, involved transport of animals over substantial distances to celebrate far-flung social networks, according to analysis of microscopic tooth growth patterns and geochemistry.

Combined addition of macroalgae and nitrogen enhanced decomposition of recalcitrant organic matter in sheath, whereas it was meditated by litter quality and microbes, according to laboratory experiments spanning 116 days with two seagrass litters.

Weak tropical cyclones intensified very little between 1993 and 2022 in ocean basins, and only notably in the Southern Hemisphere, according to analysis of an inversion model of sea-surface wind speed derived from surface drifter observations.

Tropical seagrasses in Patagonia during the Miocene imply a broader paleogeographic distribution than previously recognized, particularly in high South American latitudes indicating warmer sea surface temperatures, based on the seagrass botanical affinities.

Regional dust punctures pollution domes over Indian cities, especially in Northern India, according to analysis of satellite aerosol optical depth data.

Sputtering yields from solar wind exposure on lunar regolith are up to an order of magnitude lower than expected from prior modeling and calculations, according to laboratory-based experiments on real lunar Apollo samples and advanced 3D simulations

Carbon dioxide emissions from shipping in the Black Sea region decreased in Ukraine’s economic zone, and they increased in Romania’s and Turkey’s economic zones, from March 2021 to February 2024, according to an analysis that utilizes a ship emission assessment model.

Much of the public discourse around climate changes under net zero carbon dioxide emissions has been focused on global mean temperature changes after emissions cessation. More attention needs to be paid to the long-term impacts of climate change, which are likely to persist even if rapid decarbonization is achieved.

Phytochemist Dervilla Donnelly was the first woman to receive the Royal Irish Academy’s highest honor, the Cunningham Medal. As a leader in science and policy, she promoted international collaboration in chemistry and biology.

The idea of planting trees to sequester carbon is so popular that it seems to make people feel more negative towards other techniques, when presented with a range of options for carbon removal. Such a bias could hamper development of a broad and socially-robust portfolio of carbon removal options.

As demand for flights increases, the global aviation industry must transform to become more sustainable. Here we propose six pathways to set aviation on a path to a greener future that include innovations in aviation fuel, management, and regulations.

Arctic food systems blend Traditional Ecological Knowledge with modern, often energy-intensive influences, triggered by colonization. Food systems’ future depends on alignment of tradition with innovation – at a pace determined by local communities.

Climate change has negatively impacted grassland productivity in Africa. Climate-smart technologies such as forage grass, legume, and herb mixtures could enhance grassland productivity and resilience, offering a sustainable solution for African pasture-based livestock systems.