Business Insider
Strategy

How 3 guys turned renting air mattresses in their apartment into a $31 billion company, Airbnb

Nathan Blecharczyk, Brian Chesky, Joe Gebbia, airbnb, sv100 2015
Airbnb co-founders Brian Chesky (right), Nathan Blecharczyk (center), and Joe Gebbia (left). Airbnb

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

The year was 2007, and roommates Joe Gebbia and Brian Chesky couldn't afford their San Francisco rent.

san francisco
Robert Galbraith/Reuters

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

The pair knew a big design conference was coming to San Francisco, and it was making hotels hard to come by.

san francisco
Katie Canales/Business Insider

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

And so it all started with an email: Gebbia wrote Chesky with an idea: What if they made turned their loft into a designer's bed and breakfast, complete with a sleeping mat and breakfast? It was a way to "make a few bucks." 12 years later, that idea is worth $31 billion.

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

The duo, who had met at college at the Rhode Island School of Design, thought acting as tour guides to designers would be a fun way to make money.

Rhode Island School of Design campus
Gretchen Ertl/AP

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

They created a simple site, airbedandbreakfast.com, bought three air mattresses, and arranged them in their loft.

air mattress
Matt Cardy/Getty Images

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

Their first guests, two men and one woman, showed up. Each guest paid $80 to stay on the air mattress. One guest, Amol, was another designer who actually helped Joe and Brian on their presentations. "Being one of the first Airbnb guests feels like being on The Tonight Show, but I didn't know I was on The Tonight Show," Amol said in 2012.

San Francisco street buildings
De Agostini Editorial/Getty Images

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

Gebbia and Chesky soon realized how big their idea could be. They got together with their old roommate, Nathan Blecharczyk, to build it into a business.

airbnb founders
airbnb

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

They actually worked on a roommate-matching service for four months until they realized Roommates.com was already a thing. Then they went back to working on Air Bed and Breakfast.

Nathan Blecharczyk, Brian Chesky, Joe Gebbia, airbnb, sv100 2015
Airbnb

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

The company launched a second time and no one noticed. The third time was at SXSW in 2008, but they only had two customers, and Chesky was one of them.

SXSW 09920
Jay Janner/Associated Press

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

By summer 2008, the founders had finished a final version of Air Bed and Breakfast and went to meet investors. The whole experience had been redesigned around taking only three clicks to book a stay; otherwise it was too hard. Investors weren't convinced. Introductions to 15 angel investors left them with eight rejections, and seven people ignoring them entirely.

Brian Chesky, co-founder and Chief Executive of AirBnb, attends the Reuters Global Technology Summit in San Francisco June 18, 2013. REUTERS/Stephen Lam
Chesky, co-founder and CEO of AirBnb, attends the Reuters Global Technology Summit in San Francisco Stephen Lam/Reuters

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

Broke and in debt, they decided to launch Air Bed & Breakfast (again) at the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver. As they had learned from their first time hosting, a hotel room shortage meant people would be looking for other options.

Obama in 2008
Win McNamee/Getty Images

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

Since the site wasn't making money, the guys transformed cereal boxes into Obama O's and Cap'n McCains and sold them on the streets for $40 bucks a pop. Each one came with a limited-edition number and information about the company. Their bootstrapped marketing strategy netted them $30,000 to put toward the company.

obama o full size
Airbnb

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

The one VC who did take notice was Paul Graham. Graham invited the guys to join Y Combinator, a prestigious startup accelerator that doles out cash and training in exchange for a small slice of the company. The company spent the first three months of 2009 at the accelerator, working on perfecting their product.

Paul Graham Y Combinator
Joe Corrigan/Getty Images

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

Even during Y Combinator, they still got rejected famously by investors. Fred Wilson of Union Square Ventures admitted in 2011 that he had failed to look past the Air Bed and Breakfast name and see the business.

fred wilson
Brian Ach/Getty Images

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

The company continued its scrappy business-building techniques. Channeling their design backgrounds, the founders launched an ambitious project to get its hosts to love the company. They visited all of their hosts in New York to personally stay with them, write reviews, and professionally photograph their places.

Airbnb
Screenshot/Airbnb

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

In March 2009, the company finally scrapped the Air Bed & Breakfast name and simplified it to "Airbnb." No more confusing associations with air mattresses.

Airbnb logo 1
Air BnB

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

A month later in April 2009, Airbnb finally picked up a $600,000 seed investment from Sequoia Capital. Chesky describes it as going from only eating leftover cereal to "ramen-profitable."

ramen instant noodles
ffuentes/Flickr

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

That's when the company hit the accelerator on growth and learned a bunch about their business. Chesky famously lived exclusively in Airbnbs for a few months in 2010 when their employees crowded out the bedroom space left in their apartment.

brian chesky
Chris Weeks/Getty Images

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

By 2011, four years after the first air mattress guests, Airbnb was already in 89 countries and had hit 1 million nights booked on the platform. It also finally won the break-out mobile app award at SXSW — a definitive success after its lukewarm launch at the festival in 2008.

founders airbnb Joe Gebbia Brian Chesky
Airbnb

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

That same year, some of the valley's biggest VCs put $112 million into the startup, valuing it at over $1 billion. That makes Airbnb a "unicorn" in Silicon Valley.

unicorn
Flickr/bptakoma

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

Soon after, the fast-growing startup hit a snag. One host had their place completely trashed. Other hosts started complaining about guests throwing ragers or leaving their place in disgusting shape the following morning. The company started implementing a coverage policy, upping it to a $1 million "Host Guarantee" by summer 2012.

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

The company also had a growing problem of people getting fined or evicted from renting their place out on Airbnb. Cities soon had a growing problem with Airbnb rentals, and the company's regulation headaches began.

Airbnb Stickers Protest
Joey Cosco/Business Insider

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

With legal battles (and unruly guests) plaguing the home-sharing platform, Airbnb decided to do a redesign in 2014. The new logo, called the Bélo, was immediately criticized for looking more like genitalia than a symbol of belonging.

Airbnb logo animation 001
Airbnb

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

Despite its focus on belonging, cities started to reject Airbnb rentals. New York threatened to ban Airbnb and short-term rentals in 2014 and fine every host. Many city laws made it illegal to rent out your unit without being present for less than 30 days.

Airbnb
Supporters of Airbnb hold a rally outside City Hall on January 20, 2015, in New York. Bebeto Matthews/AP Photo

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

Even Airbnb's hometown in San Francisco wasn't happy. The company spent more than $8 million in the fall of 2015 to combat a citizen-led ballot initiative meant to limit the Airbnb rentals.

San Francisco Painted Ladies
Jeff Chiu/AP Images

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

In spite of the regulatory headaches, the company tried to act on its "belong anywhere" promise. It started collecting hotel taxes and remitting them to some cities. It's also pledged to give cities some of its data as part of a "community compact."

Brian Chesky Airbnb
Fortune Global Forum

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

In July 2016, Sen. Elizabeth Warren urged the Federal Trade Commission to look into how websites for short-term rentals, like Airbnb, were exacerbating housing shortages.

elizabeth warren
Associated Press/Jeff Chiu

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

Since 2016, Airbnb has been expanding its services through a series of high-end launches and acquisitions adjacent to its main service.

FILE PHOTO: A woman talks on the phone at the Airbnb office headquarters in the SOMA district of San Francisco, California, U.S., August 2, 2016.  REUTERS/Gabrielle Lurie
Airbnb office headquarters in the SOMA district of San Francisco. Gabrielle Lurie/Reuters

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

In September 2019, Airbnb announced its plan to go public in 2020.

brian chesky
Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky. Mike Windle/Getty Images

Airbnb announced it plans to go public in 2020 on Thursday.

Long before Airbnb persuaded strangers to sleep in one another's homes and became a $31 billion company, it was just an idea to earn a bit of extra money to make rent.

After their first guests, Airbnb's founders realized they were on to something bigger than a stopgap for rent. They faced rejection plenty of times — and created their own version of Obama O's cereal — but the three founders of Airbnb have built a big business in the past nine years.

Here's how they turned their idea to rent out an air mattress into a business that has the hotel industry running scared.

This post has been updated from an earlier version written by Biz Carson.

Axel Springer, Insider Inc.'s parent company, is an investor in Airbnb.

Read next

Jump to

  1. Main content
  2. Search
  3. Account