When using the LdapBindAuthenticationProvider without the LdapUserProvider while using a queryString to search for the users DN, the auth provider executes an LDAP search without binding first.
see https://github.com/symfony/symfony/blob/master/src/Symfony/Component/Security/Core/Authentication/Provider/LdapBindAuthenticationProvider.php#L96

this error does not occur when used in combination with the LdapUserProvider, because this one is binding to a search user before.